N A T U R A L L A N D S T R U S T NATIVE TREES AND SHRUBS AND THEIR WILDLIFE USERS NATURAL LANDS TRUST * HILDACY FARM * 1031 PALMERS MILL ROAD * MEDIA, PA 19063 * 610-353-5587 Native shrubs and trees are the species that existed in this Red Chokeberry (Aronia arbutifolia) 6­10' in height, 3­5' area before man's activities dominated the natural landscape, in width. Upright multi-stemmed shrub, somewhat open and or long ago became naturalized within the checks and rounded. White flower in late spring. Produces red berries balances of natural systems. Over the past several hundred in fall. Fall color is wine red. Adaptable to many soil types. years, humans have imported or bred plants to suit their Full sun to half shade. Used in border and mass plantings. cultural, aesthetic, and environmental needs. A number of Fruit eaten by grouse, chickadees, and other songbirds. species have escaped from cultivated gardens or were planted intentionally into natural areas for wildlife benefit, only to Black Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) Similar in size, cause havoc in the local ecosystem. Usurping the native plant habit, landscape value and wildlife users as Red communities, these invasive exotics create areas of little Chokeberry. Produces black-purple berries in fall. diversity - in some cases, monocultures. While some of Common Sweetshrub (Calycanthus floridus) 6­9' in these plants do provide benefits to wildlife, the long-range height by 6­12' in spread. Dense, bushy, rounded shrub of results are natural areas that cannot provide diverse regular outline. Flowers are dark, reddish brown, with nutritional and structural needs of wildlife and that are fruity fragrance, flowers June - July. Leaves are yellowish aesthetically unpleasing. in fall, but usually not effective. Adaptable to many soils, As invasives increase in number and volume of seed source, preferably deep, moist loam; shade or sun. Does not grow land managers face an ever-growing challenge to preserve as tall in sun as in shaded places. Slow rate of growth. native plant communities and their associated wildlife. To Useful in shrub border or around an outdoor living area speed the restoration of affected areas, it is helpful to plant where the fruity scent can permeate the entire area. No desirable species following the removal of invasives. It is information is available for wildlife users. However, scent imperative that the mistakes of the past (intentionally planting would indicate a high use by insects. invasive species) not be repeated - even though the use of Summersweet Clethra (Clethra alnifolia) 3­8' in height some invasives is still promoted by federal agencies. and 4­6' in width. Oval, round-topped, erect, dense leafy The following list highlights a number of native trees and shrub. White flower in summer is extremely fragrant. Fall shrubs which meet the needs (aesthetically pleasing, wildlife color is yellow-gold. Transplant into moist, organic soils. benefit) of home gardeners and professional land managers, Full sun or shade. Excellent for summer flower, shrub and are readily available through local nurseries. Plants border. Good plant for wet areas and heavy shade. grown from local seed sources or taken as cuttings from Limited wildlife value. existing native plants found on the site, are preferable as they Red-osier Dogwood (Cornus sericea) 7­9' in height and are best adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the 10' in width. Loose, broad spreading, rounded multi- area. stemmed shrub. Freely spreads. Bright red color on younger stems. White flowers in late spring-early summer. Shrubs White berry produced in late summer-early fall. Fall color is reddish purple. Adaptable to a wide range of soil Shadbush or Shadblow Serviceberry (Amelanchier conditions. Does well in moist soil. Excellent for mass canadensis) 6­20' height and 10' width. Shrub with erect plantings in large areas. Effective bank cover to hold stems often clumped. Ornamental bark is grey with soils. Cuttings are easily established in early spring. streaks. White flowers in early spring. Produces black Simply prune the new growth, dip the cut end in a berries in summer. Fall color varies between red and rooting hormone, such as ROOTONE, and push cut end yellow. Prefers moist well-drained loams. Blends well on into the ground. These shrubs establish themselves the edge of woodlands or shrub border with evergreen readily, and are a valuable wildlife food. High wildlife background. Important berry producer during the early value for fruit and browse. Used by a wide variety of summer months. Fruit eaten by crows, bluebirds, mammals and songbirds, including cardinals, evening cardinals, and tanagers. Foliage is used by browsers. grosbeaks, robins, thrush, vireos and cedar waxwing. Page 1 February 1999 N A T U R A L L A N D S T R U S T Vernal Witchhazel (Hamamelis vernalis) 6­10' in height Bush Cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa) 1­4' high with a and same width. Multi-stemmed, dense, rounded shrub. spread of 2­4'. Very bushy, deciduous shrub with upright Has yellow to red flowers January-March. Produces yellow slender stems forming a low, rounded outline. Yellow to brown fruit capsule in early fall. Performs best in moist flowers are borne June through frost. Do best in full sun conditions in full sun to 3/4 shade. Used in groupings and fertile, moist soils, but are adaptable to part shade near buildings or as unpruned hedge. Unusual because of and poor, dry soils. Limited wildlife value, however, long, early flowering date. Good for squirrels. Other use by flowering period might suggest usefulness for insects and wildlife is low. butterflies. Inkberry (Ilex glabra) 6­8' in height, 8­10' in width. Carolina Rhododendron (Rhododendron carolinianum) Upright multi-branched, erect, rounded, evergreen shrub. 3­6' in height and equal width. Small rounded evergreen Produces black berry from fall to spring. Prefers moist, shrub. Flowers are white to pink in the spring. Plant in acid soils. Excellent for foundations, hedges, mass moist, well-drained soils. Prefers partial shade. Used in plantings and as accent plant. Berries used by a wide shrub borders, groupings, massings and foundations. variety of wildlife. `Compacta' cultivar is a dwarf variety Limited wildlife value except as browse for deer and and is more readily available. winter cover for songbirds. Winterberry (Ilex verticillata) 6­10' in height with equal Rosebay Rhododendron (Rhododendron maximum) 4­10' spread. Oval, rounded, deciduous shrub holly. Tends to height with equal width. Flowers are pink with green to form multi-stemmed clumps. Attractive red berry evident orange spots. Otherwise similar to Carolina. fall-winter. Does well in light and heavy soils. Prefers Native Azaleas Prefer sunnier locations than moist, organic soils. Excellent for mass plantings and rhododendrons and are usually smaller in size. Azaleas are shrub borders. A male plant is necessary for fertilization. also limited in wildlife value but are beautiful in Used extensively by many songbirds, particularly landscaped situations. thrushes, mockingbirds, robins, bluebirds, and thrashers. Sweet Azalea (Rhododendron arborescens) 8­20' in height Virginia Sweetspire (Itea virginica) 3­5' in height and 6­ with equal spread. Deciduous, erect-stemmed, loosely 8' in width. Erect, deciduous shrub with clustered branched shrub. Fragrant flower is white with red-pink branches. Produces white flowers in summer. Attractive interior. Flowers in late spring ­ early summer. bright red fall color. Prefers moist, fertile soils. Full sun or shade. Suited for wet areas. Fruit capsules are used by Piedmont Azalea (Rhododendron minus) 3­6' in height some songbirds. with same spread. Deciduous shrub with drawf and compact habit. Fragrant flowers of white to pink in early Mountain Laurel (Kalmia latifolia) 7­15' in height with spring. similar spread. Large, robust evergreen shrub, becomes open with age. White-pink flowers in late spring-early Plumleaf Azalea (Rhododendron prunifolium) 8­10' in summer. Requires moist, well-drained soils in full sun or height with similar spread. Flowers are orange to red in shade. Use in mass in shady borders. Mammals eat foliage mid-summer. and twigs. Utilized extensively by mammals and bird for winter shelter. Pinxterbloom Azalea (Rhododendron periclymenoides) 4­6' with similair spread. Flowers vary from white or pink to Sweetbay Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) 10­20' in deep violet and bloom in April or May. Adapted to dry, height and same width. Multi-stemmed, open, semi- sandy or rocky soils. evergreen, shrub. Has cream colored, fragrant, flower in late spring-early summer. Fruit is a cluster of red seeds. Swamp Azalea (Rhododendron viscosum) Grows 1­8' tall Likes wet, acid soils. Tolerates shade. Used as specimen (average 5') by 3­8' wide. Deciduous shrub with loose, tree. Wildlife value is low. Seeds are eaten by some open habit, with numerous spreading branches. Fragrant mammals and birds. Foliage is used by several birds for white flowers in late spring - early summer. Prefers wet nest building. conditions. Northern Bayberry (Myrica pensylvanica) 5­12' in height Fragrant Sumac (Rhus aromatica) 2­6' in height, with a with equal width. Tends to sucker to form large colonies. spread of 6­10'. Low, irregular spreading, deciduous shrub Leaves are aromatic. Fruit is a grayish/white berry, which tends to sucker. Yellow flowers in early spring. evident from fall to spring. Adaptable to many soil Produces red catkins in late summer which persist into conditions, including poor soils. Full sun to 1/2 shade. the winter. Fall color is orange to red to reddish purple. Excellent for mass borders. Combines well with broadleaf Adaptable to many soil types. Withstands 1/2 shade to evergreens. Berry wax is used for candles. Fruit is eaten by full sun. Excellent for fast cover for banks, cuts and fills. a variety of birds in small quantities including tree Important winter sustenance for birds and mammals. swallows and myrtle warblers. Used by pheasants, bluebirds cardinals, robins and starlings. Deer and rabbits feed on bark and twigs. February 1999 Page 2 N A T U R A L L A N D S T R U S T pod in fall. Fall color is yellow. Likes moist, well-drained Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) 6­12' in soils. Full sun to light shade. Good as specimen tree or in height and 8­12' in width. Upright multi-stemmed shrub border. Limited wildlife value. deciduous shrub with spreading branches. Has white flowers in spring. Produces edible, blue-black berry in White Fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) 12­20' in summer. Fall color is yellow-orange-red. Requires moist, height with equal spread. Deciduous shrub with open well-drained soils. Full sun or light shade. Blends well habit, often wider than high. Fragrant, white flowers in into shrub borders. Used heavily by grouse, scarlet late spring-early summer. Fruit is a dark blue berry in late tanager, bluebirds, thrushes and other songbirds. summer-fall. Fall color is yellow. Prefers moist, fertile soils and full sun. Excellent specimen tree or in groups, borders Mapleleaf Viburnum (Viburnum acerfolium) 4­6' tall and or near large buildings. Limited wildlife value. 3­4' wide. Low, sparsly branched, deciduous shrub. Yellow-white flowers are visible in June. Black, berry fruit Flowering Dogwood (Cornus florida) 20' in height and ripens in September and often persists into winter. Fall 15­20' in spread. Small deciduous tree with flat topped color ranges fron pink to purple. Adapted to a range in crown. White or red flowers in spring. Fruit is a red berry soil and light conditions. Reserve for shaded, naturalized from fall into winter. Fall color is red-purple. Place in setting. Used by grouse, brown thrasher, cedar waxwing, well-drained soil. Full sun to partial shade. Has character squirrels and deer. in all four seasons. Excellent as specimen tree or used on the corner of house or in a woodland group setting. Fruit Arrowwood Viburnum (Viburnum dentatum) 6­8' in is an important food source for songbirds including height and 6­15' in width. Multi-stemmed dense, evening grosbeak, cardinals, robins and cedar waxwings. rounded deciduous shrub. Has cream colored flowers in late spring-early summer. Fruit is a blue-black berry in Franklin Tree (Franklinia alatamaha) 10­20' in height fall. Fall color is yellow-red-purple. Adaptable to most and 6­15' in spread. Small, deciduous tree or shrub with soil conditions, but prefers well-drained. Suckers freely. upright, spreading branches. Dogwood-like, fragrant, Good in hedges and mass plantings. See Mapleleaf white flowers in late summer. Fall color is orange-red. Viburmum for wildlife users. Requires moist, acid, well-drained soils supplied with organic matter. Full sun or light shade. Can be used as Nannyberry (Viburnum lentago) 15­18' in height, 6­10' specimen plant because of beauty and relative rarity. in width. Shrub or small deciduous tree with open habit. Wildlife value is limited. Cream colored flower in late spring. Fruit is a blue-black berry evident fall through winter. Fall color is purple-red. Carolina Silverbell (Halesia carolina) 30­40' in height Adapts to a wide range of soil conditions. Sun or partial and 25­35' in spread. Spreading, deciduous branches shade. Used as naturalized plant in shrub borders, as form broad, rounded crown. Has white flowers in spring. background or screen plant. See Mapleleaf Viburnum for Fall color is yellow. Prefers rich, moist, well-drained, acid wildlife value. soils. Sun or semi-shade. Handsome lawn tree best set off with evergreen background. Rhododendrons grow well Blackhaw Viburnum (Viburnum prunifolium) 12­15' in beneath them. Limited wildlife value. Seeds are used by height and 8­12' in width. Round-headed tree or multi- some songbirds. stemmed deciduous shrub. Cream flower in late spring. Fruit is a berry that goes from pink-red to blue-black in Common Witchhazel (Hamamelis virginiana) 15­20' in fall. Purple fall color. Adaptable to many soil types. Sun height and in width. Small deciduous tree or multi- or shade. Interesting as small specimen tree, or massing, stemmed shrub. Has yellow flowers in fall. Fall color is shrub border or groupings. See Mapleleaf Viburnum for very good yellow. Prefers moist soils in full sun or partial wildlife value. shade. Excellent for foundations, hedges, mass plantings and as an accent plant. Limited wildlife value. American Cranberrybush (Viburnum trilobum) 8­12' in height with equal spread. Multi-stemmed deciduous American Holly (Ilex opaca) 15­30' in height and 18­25' shrub, round topped, fairly dense. Cream flower in late in spread. Dense evergreen, pyramidal in youth, opening spring. Fruit is red berry available from fall through up with age. Fruit is a red berry, available fall through winter. Fall color is yellow-red-purple. Prefers well- winter. Plant in moist, well-drained soil. Full sun or drained, moist soil. Full sun to partial shade. Excellent partial shade. Use one male for every three females. Use plant for screening and informal hedging. See Mapleleaf as specimen plant or in groupings. Many cultivars. Used Viburnum for wildlife uses. extensively by bluebirds and thrashers. Foliage provides cover for songbirds and mammals. Small Trees Sourwood (Oxydendrum arboreum) 25­30' in height and Eastern Redbud (Cercis canadensis) 20­30' in height and 20' in spread. Pyramidal deciduous tree with rounded 25­35' in width. Small deciduous tree with rounded crown and drooping branches. Fragrant white flowers in crown. Flowers purple-pink in spring. Produces a pea-like summer. Fall color is yellow-red-purple. Prefers acid, February 1999 Page 3 N A T U R A L L A N D S T R U S T peaty, moist, well-drained soils. Full sun or partial shade. "shaggy". Difficult to transplant, start as seedling. Should An all-season plant. Can be used as specimen plant. not be used in landscaped areas because its exfoliating Limited wildlife value. bark and nuts make it a "dirty" tree. Best reserved for woodland border. Leaves are used by browsers. Nuts are Mountain Ash (Sorbus americana) 10­30' in height and also consumed by deer, turkey, foxes, wood ducks and 10­15' in spread. Deciduous tree with short trunk and squirrels. open, rounded crown. White flower in spring. Fruit is an orange-red berry produced in late summer into fall. Common Hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) 40­60' in height Adaptable to many soil types. Can be used as specimen with equal spread. In youth, weakly pyramidal; in old age tree or in shrub border. Fruit persists through the winter the crown is a broad top of ascending-arching branches. and is valuable to catbirds, thrushes, and cedar waxwings. Medium to fast growth. Fruit is fleshy, orange to dark purple, ripening in September to October. Leaves are Large Trees yellow to yellow-green in fall. Prefers rich, moist soils, but grows in dry, heavy or sandy, rocky soils; withstands acid Red Maple (Acer rubrum) 40­60' in height and equal or alkaline conditions; moderately wet or very dry areas; spread. Habit is pyramidal in youth and rounded with tolerates wind; full sun; withstands dirt and grime of age. Tolerant of most soils, but prefers slightly acid, moist cities. Good tree for park or large area use. Useful tree for conditions. Naturally occurs in wet areas. Excellent tree adverse growing conditions. Fruit is popular with winter as specimen for lawn and park settings. Beautiful yellow birds, especially the cedar waxwing, mockingbird, and to red fall color. Buds, flowers and leaves provide food for robin. many birds and mammals. Chipmunks and squirrels eat seeds and some songbirds use stalks for nest building. Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) 35­60' in height with a 20­35' spread. Slender, oval, rounded crown. Handsome, Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) 50­70' in height and scaly, dark bark. White flowers are borne in June. Fruit is 40­50' in spread. Has strong spreading branches which an edible berry, yellowish to pale orange which ripens form a rounded crown. Yellow-green fall coloration. after frost and persists until winter. Fall color is yellow Tolerant of many soil types. One of the best trees for poor green. Somewhat difficult to transplant and should be soils and wet conditions. Use of this tree should be moved balled and burlapped as a small tree in spring. limited to areas free of buildings and heavy human use as Prefers moist, well-drained soils, but will do well on low it is prone to internal decay and subsequent loss of fertility, dry soils. Use for naturalizing or in park setting. branches. Provides fast shade. See Red Maple for wildlife Fruit is used by foxes, deer, raccons, oppossums, skunks users. and songbirds. Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum) 60­70' in height and a spread of 2/3 height. Upright oval to rounded habit. Fall American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) 50­70' or larger in color is yellow-orange-red. Prefers moist, well drained height and equal width. Often has short trunk with wide soils. Tolerates some shade. Excellent as shade tree for spreading crown. Bark is smooth grey. Fall color is golden lawn, park and golf courses. See Red Maple for wildlife bronze. Likes moist, well-drained soils. Does best in full users. sun, but tolerates shade. Should be restricted to large area use for parks and estates. Beechnuts are eaten by birds Sweet Birch (Betula lenta) 40­55' or larger in height with and mammals and are important food for chipmunks and a spread of 35­45'. Pyramidal in youth forming an squirrels. irregular, rounded, sometimes wide spreading crown at White Ash (Fraxinus americana) 50­80' in height and maturity. Best development in deep, rich, moist, slightly similar spread. Pyramidal in youth and later developing acid soils, however, is often found on rocky, drier sites. an open, rounded crown. Fall color is yellow-purple. Flowers are catkins, 2-3" long. Excellent tree for park or Grows best on deep, well-drained soils and full sun. Used naturalized area. Yellow leaves in fall are best among often as a lawn tree in parks and golf courses. Moderate birches. See River Birch for wildlife users. importance to wildlife. Seeds eaten by wood ducks, River Birch (Betula nigra) 40­70' in height and 40­60' finches, and cardinals. spread. Pyramidal in youth and rounded with age. Often Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) 50­60' in height and grown multi-stemmed. Has cinnamon-brown exfoliating 25­30' in spread. Pyramidal in youth, developing upright, bark. Best adapted to moist soils. Used in areas that are spreading habit at maturity. Grows quickly in full sun and alternately wet and dry. Handsome tree used as specimen in a wide range of soil conditions. Naturally found on in parks and estates. Catkins are used by redpolls and moist, bottomlands. See White Ash for wildlife users. pine siskins. Foliage is used by browsers. Common Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos) 30­70' in Shagbark Hickory (Carya ovata) 60­80' or larger in height and comparable spread. Usually has short trunk height and 40­60' in width. Straight trunk with an with open, oval crown. Fast grower. Fall color is yellow. oblong crown. Bark breaks up in thin plates becoming Withstands a wide range of conditions but prefers rich, February 1999 Page 4 N A T U R A L L A N D S T R U S T moist bottomlands. Excellent lawn tree under filtered Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) 75­100' in height with a shade. Limited wildlife value. similar spread. Can reach 150'. Tree with massive trunk and a wide-spreading open crown. Mature species have Black Walnut (Juglans nigra) 50­75' in height with striking white mottled bark. Fall color is tan-brown. similar spread. Well-formed trunk with an oval crown. Attains greatest size in deep, moist, rich soils. Prefers rich, moist soils. Often found on bottomlands. Anthracnose can be a serious problem. Mistakenly used Difficult to transplant. Should be started as seedling. as a street tree. Can be used in bottomlands or along Produces toxins which are poisonous to many plants water courses, but not in landscaped settings. The pendant giving it an advantage in open field situations but seed balls are used by purple finch, goldfinch and squirrels. creating problems for gardeners. Nuts are eaten by woodpeckers, foxes, and squirrels. White Oak (Quercus alba) 100' in height and 50­80' in spread. Pyramidal in youth, becoming broad and rounded Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) 40­50' high by with wide spreading branches. Transplant as small tree. 8­20' spread. Densely pyramidal when young and slightly Fall color is red-wine-brown. Prefers moist, well-drained pendulous in old age. Medium rate of growth. Tolerant of soils. Difficult to obtain from nurseries, except as adverse conditions. Prefers deep, moist soils. Will tolerate seedling. Worthwhile tree for large areas. Oaks, in shade only in youth. Handsome reddish brown bark. general, are of major importance to wildlife. Acorns are Produces small cones. Useful for windbreaks, shelter belts, at the top of the food preference list for wood ducks, hedges and topiary work. Twigs and foliage are eaten by pheasants, grackles, jays, nuthatches, thrushes, browsers. Seeds are eaten most extensively by cedarwax woodpeckers, rabbits, deer, foxes, and squirrels. wings. Evergreen foliage provides nesting and roosting cover for sparrows, robins, mockingbirds, juncos, and Pin Oak (Quercus palustris) 60­70' in height and 25­40' warblers. spread. Strongly pyramidal with ascending branches. One of the faster growing oaks. Fall color is russet-red. Full American Sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) 60­75' or sun. Tolerates wet soils but is adaptable to many soil larger in height with a spread of 2/3 the height. Pyramidal types. Most widely used oak for landscaping. Used on in youth, rounded crown at maturity. Fall color is yellow- lawns, parks, golf courses and around commercial orange-purple. Likes deep, moist, acid soils. Occurs buildings. See White Oak for wildlife uses. naturally on bottomlands. Excellent for lawn or park area. "Gumballs" can be a problem in lawn settings. Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) 40­60' in height and 30­40' Goldfinches and purple finches eat winged seeds. in width. Pyramidal in youth, developing a dense, oval crown at maturity. More readily transplanted than other Tuliptree (Liriodendron tulipifera) 70­90' in height and oaks. Fall color is yellow-brown and russet-red. Prefers 30­50' in spread. Long, straight trunk with a narrow moist, well-drained soil, but can adapt to many habitats. canopy. Fast grower. Fall color is yellow. Plant in full sun Excellent street tree or large area use. See White Oak for and a well drained loam. Use in large areas. Wood wildlife users. somewhat weak. Moderate wildlife importance. The purple finch and cardinal are principal users. Red Oak (Quercus rubra) 60­75' in height and 40­50' in Black Gum (Nyssa sylvatica) 30­50' in height and 20­30' spread. Often larger in the wild. Habit is round-topped in spread. Pyramidal in youth and irregularly crowned at and symmetrical. Fall color is red. Full sun. Prefers loamy, maturity. Fall color is yellow-orange-red purple. Prefers well-drained soils. Fast growing tree for lawns, parks and moist, well-drained, acid soils. Full sun or semi-shade. estates. See White Oak for wildlife users. Deep taproot. Beautiful tree when used as specimen. Fruit is blue-black in fall and is relished by many songbirds. American Linden (Tilia americana) 60­80' in height with Users include wood ducks, robins, woodpeckers, a spread of 1/2 to 2/3 the height. Pyramidal in youth, thrashers, flickers and mockingbirds. assuming a rounded shape with age. Fall color is yellow. Full sun or part shade. Prefers deep, moist soils, but is White Pine (Pinus strobus) 50­80' in height and 20­40' tolerant of heavier soils. Use in large, open areas or along in width, but can grow much larger. Evergreen is woodland edges. Limited wildlife value. Pyramidal in youth, crown at maturity has several horizontal and ascending branches. Needles are light Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) 40­70' in height green and have a fine texture. Fast grower. Grows best on and 25­35' in spread. Evergreen is pyramidal in youth fertile, well-drained soils but is very adaptable. A very becoming more pendulous with age. Needles are a dark, handsome and ornamental specimen, valuable for lawns, glossy green. Likes moist, well-drained soils. Plant in parks, and estates. Provides valuable cover and nesting sheltered area. Tolerates shade. Relatively fast growing. sites for songbirds and mammals. Needles are used as Excellent for screens, hedges, accent plant and founda- nesting material. Seeds are eaten by quail, chickadees, tion plantings. Provides excellent cover for deer and grosbeaks, nuthatches and woodpeckers. songbirds. Nesting site for several warblers. Seeds are eaten by juncos, chickadees, and siskins. February 1999 Page 5 N A T U R A L L A N D S T R U S T Prepared by: Drew Gilchrist Natural Lands Trust , Gwynedd Wildlife Preserve 640 S. Swedesford Road Ambler, PA 19002 (215) 699-6751 SOURCES OF NATIVE TREES, SHRUBS, WETLAND PLANTS AND WILDFLOWERS Nurseries Specializing in Native Plant Other Nurseries that carry native plants Bean Road Native Plant Nursery Shemin Nurseries (Wholesale only) Applewood Seed Company Bean & Whitehall Road 100 Green Tree Road 5380 Vivian Street PO Box 123 P.O. Box 649 Arvado, CO 80002 Worcester, PA 19490 Oaks, PA 19456 (303) 431-6283 (610) 584-1550 (610) 666-0595 Ernst Crownvetch Farms North Creek Nurseries, Inc. Musser Forests R.D. 5, Box 806, Mercer Pike R.R. #2, Box 33 Route 119 North, Box 340 Meadville, PA 16335 Landenburg, PA 19350 Indiana, PA 15701 (814) 425-7276 (610) 255-4762 (412) 465-5686 (Seedlings only) Sandy Wilson Natural Landscpes Native Plants and Aquatic Nursery 345 North Jennersville Road Moon Nurseries 834 Church Road West Grove, PA 19380 Box 482 Harleysville, PA 19438 (610) 869-3788 Quarry Road (610) 584-6302 Yardley, PA 19067 Temple University/Ambler Nursery (215) 968-6141 Additional sources for general lists 580 Meetinghouse Road Ambler, PA 19002-3994 Buddies Nursery Guide to Pennsylvania Nursery Stock (215) 283-1330 P.O. Box 14 Pennsylvania Nurserymen's Association, Inc. (Wholesale only) Birdsboro, PA 19508 1924 North Second Street (610) 582-2410 Harrisburg, PA 17102 Pinelands Nursery RR. 1, Box 12 Hansen Nursery New England Wild Flower Society, Inc. Island Road P.O. Box 8 Garden in the Woods Columbus, NJ 08022 Sassamsville, PA 19472 Hemenway Road (609) 291-9486 (215) 754-7843 (215) 968-6141Framingham, MA Sylva Native Nursery and Seed Company Wildflower Sources National Wildflower Research Center R.D. #2, Box 1033 2600 FM 973 New Freedom, PA 17349 Brandywine Conservancy Austin, TX 78725 (717) 227-0486 Box 141 Chadds Ford, PA 19317 Information Sources Octoraro Wetland Native Plant Nurseries (610) 388-2700 P.O. Box 24 Dirr, Michael. Manuel for Woody Landscape Oxford, PA 19363 Prairie Nursery Plants. 1990. Stipes Publishing Company (610) 932-2072 P.O. Box 306 Westfield, WI 53964 Martin, Alexander C. et. al. American (608) 296-3679 Wildlife & Plants: A Guide to Wildlife Food Habits. 1951. Dover Publiciations February 1999 Page 6