OIL AND GAS LEASE (Fully Paid Up Primary Term) DDS, JR. PENNSYLVANIA 3 (Rev. 01/08/08) This Lease Agreement is made as of the ________ day of __________________________, 2007 between 1 as Lessor (whether one or more), and 2 , as Lessee. [1]--> [2][Author:RS] (1) LEASE - In consideration of the sum of One ($1.00) Dollar in hand paid, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and in further consideration of the covenants and agreements herein contained, Lessor hereby leases and lets exclusively to Lessee, its successors and assigns, for the purpose of exploring for by conducting geological, geophysical work including core drilling, developing, drilling and operating wells, producing, marketing, transporting oil, liquid hydrocarbons, all gases and all constituent products and gas along with all hydrocarbon substances produced in association therewith using methods or techniques which are not restricted to currently employed technology and/or conducting secondary recovery operations by injecting gases, water and other fluids and air into productive subsurface strata but excluding coal bed methane gas from the surface to a depth not to exceed the top of the Onondaga limestone formation, the following described land: (2) DESCRIPTION - All that certain tract of land situate in the Township of _____________3________, ______________County, State of Pennsylvania being duly bounded and described as follows: On the North by 4 On the East 5 On the South by 6 On the West by 7 County Tax Parcel No._______8______________________ containing _9___ acres, more or less, being the same tract of land acquired by Lessor by virtue of a Deed(s) from ___________10______________________________________________as recorded in the office of the Recorder of Deeds in said county in Volume _______, Page _____, or Instrument Number 11 , hereinafter referred to as the "Leased Premises." This grant of a leasehold includes any interest in the Leased Premises which Lessor may hereafter acquire by reversion, prescription or otherwise. Lessor makes no warranty or covenant, express or implied, as to the title of the Leased Premises, and Lessor does not covenant that Lessee shall have the quiet enjoyment and possession of such land, or any part, during the term of this Lease, it being understood that the only interest covered by this Lease is whatever right, title or interest is owned in the Leased Premises by Lessor. Lessee shall notify Lessor promptly of any judicial proceeding brought to the attention of Lessee affecting its possession under the Lease or the right, title or interest of Lessor in the Leased Premises. (3) TERM - Subject to the other provisions contained herein, this lease shall be in force for a primary term of two ( 2 ) years from the date first written above and for so long thereafter as any of the following occur: a. a well capable of producing oil and gas in paying quantities is located on the Leased Premises or on other lands pooled or unitized or combined with all or a portion of the Leased Premises as provided in Section 8 of this Lease; b. Lessor is receiving Royalty payments, Delay Rental payments, or Shut-In Royalty payments in accord with the provisions of this Lease; c. Operations, as defined in this Lease, are being conducted on the Leased Premises or lands pooled, unitized or combined with the Leased Premises with no cessation of grater than one hundred twenty (120) consecutive days excluding any dates operations were not conducted due to a Force Majeure as defined in this Lease, provided that such operations result in a well capable of producing oil and or gas in paying quantities; d. oil, gas or other substances covered hereby are produced in paying quantities from the Leased Premises or from lands pooled therewith, or this lease is otherwise maintained pursuant to the provisions hereof. [3]--> Provided[4][Author:RS] , however, that if during the last tear of the Primary Term or after the expiration of the Secondary Term , the last producing well located on lands pooled, unitized or combined with all or a portion of the Leased Premises is plugged and abandoned, this Lease shall remain in force for an additional period of one (1) year from the date of the plugging and abandonment of such well, and shall continue thereafter if any of the conditions in items (i) through (iii) if this provision are applicable as the end of each additional one (1) year period. For the purposes of this Lease, "Operations'" includes any of the following which may occur on the Leased Premises or lands pooled, unitized or combined with all or a portion of the Leased Premises. i. using bona fide good faith efforts to diligently prepare the surface of the physical well site area prior to the commencement of actual drilling activities including, but not limited to, the commencement of leasing operations on or adjacent to the well site area such as the removal of trees, the construction of access roads or the delivery of heavy equipment; ii. drilling, testing, completing, reworking, recompleting, deepening, sidetracking, stimulating, fracing, plugging back or repairing a well or equipment; iii. any acts in search for on in an endeavor to obtain, maintain or increase the production of oil and/or gas including, without limitation, injecting substances into a well. iv. the production of oil and/or gas v. the recovery of an injected substance; or vi. any act or acts similar or incidental to any of the foregoing. For purposes of this Lease, such operations shall be considered as being conducted in good faith if not more than one hundred twenty (120) days are permitted to lapse between the completion or abandonment of one well or operations on the well and the commencement of drilling operating on another well or hole on the Leased Premises or lands unitized therewith. (4) ROYALTY PAYMENT - (a) For crude oil, including condensate, Lessee shall pay to the Lessor, as royalty, free of production cost, 15.625% of the proceeds realized by Lessee from the sale of all crude oil produced and sold from the Leased Premises. (b) For gas (including casing-head gas) and all other substances covered hereby, the royalty shall be 15.625% of the proceeds realized by Lessee from the sale thereof, with no deduction of any costs incurred by Lessee or its affiliates to gather, transport, compress, dehydrate or otherwise treat such gas prior to the point of custody transfer into pipelines or other facilities owned by a regulated utility, pipeline company or a non-affiliated third party from the sale of all natural gas and other gaseous substances produced and sold by Lessee from the Leased Premises. Lessor shall tender payment of royalties to Lessee on or before the 25^th day of each calendar month for all royalties which accrued during the preceding month for which Lessee receives payment from production of any well(s) on the Leased Premises or lands contained in a drilling unit of which the Leased Premises is a part. Lessee shall furnish monthly statements to Lessor showing computation of all royalties due. (5) LESSOR'S INTEREST - If Lessor owns a lesser interest in the Leased Premises than the entire and undivided estate herein leased, then the royalties, shut-in royalties and rentals herein provided shall be paid by Lessee only in the proportion to which Lessor's interest bears to the whole and undivided estate. If the Leased Premises shall hereafter be subdivided, the Leased Premises shall nevertheless be developed and operated as one lease, and all royalties accruing hereunder shall be treated as an entirety, and shall be divided among and paid to such owners of the oil and gas in the proportion that the acreage owned by each owner bears to the entire Leased Premises. No change in the ownership of the Leased Premises or the estate in oil and natural gas covered by this lease, and no assignment or transfer by operation of law or otherwise of rents or royalties shall be binding on Lessee until it has been furnished with satisfactory written evidence of the change in ownership. 6. RENTAL PAYMENT a. Lessee agrees to pay to Lessor, in advance, as fully paid-up lease rental for the entire primary term of this lease, the sum equal to One Hundred ($100.00) Dollars per acre on the number of net mineral acres contained in the Leased Premises. For this Lease consideration, this Lease shall remain in full force and effect during the entire primary term, without any additional payment and without Lessee being required to conduct any operations on the land. b. All payments under this Lease may be made in cash or by check or draft payable to the order of 12 and sent by United States mail addressed to _______________________________ __________________________________________________________ (or such other address as Lessor may designate in writing), or by deposit to the credit of 13 in the Bank at , which bank is hereby nominated and constituted the agent and depository for Lessor, his heirs, personal representatives and assigns to accept, receive and receipt for all monies payable by Lessee hereunder, and shall continue as such depository regardless of changes in the ownership of the Leased Premises or transfer of Lessor's rights in the Leased Premises. (7) [5]--> CONTINUING[6][Author:RS] OPERATIONS - If, at the end of the primary term or any time thereafter, this lease is not being kept in force by any other provision hereof, but Lessee is then engaged in drilling, reworking or any other operation calculated to obtain production on the Leased Premises or lands pooled therewith, this lease shall remain in force as long as such operations are diligently conducted in a prudent manner and, if such operations result in the production of any substance covered hereby, as long thereafter as production continues in paying quantities. Drilling operations under this lease may be conducted by means of a well or wells the surface locations of which are on other lands than the Leased Premises and which are drilled into and bottomed in the Leased Premises (any such well being deemed to be drilled on the Leased Premises), or by means of a well or wells the surface locations or which are on the Leased Premises and which are bottomed in the Leased Premises, or by a combination of such wells. Drilling operations under lands pooled or unitized in accordance with paragraph 8 of this Lease may also be conducted by means of a well or well, the surface locations of which are on lands other than the Leased Premises and which are drilled into and bottomed in the pooled lands (any such well being deemed to be drilled on the pooled lands), or by means of a well or wells the surface locations of which are on the pooled lands and which are bottomed in the pooled lands, or by a combination of such wells. (a) Drilling Operations. Following the drilling and completion of the first well on the Leased Premises, Lessee shall drill and complete, if completion is warranted, further wells on the Leased Premises to the extent that such drilling is requisite for the proper development of the Leased Premises and any lands pooled therewith, but shall not be required to drill more wells than are necessary to supply such part of the market demand for gas from the field as may fairly and reasonably be apportioned to the Leased Premises and lands pooled therewith, except for drilling wells as otherwise required to offset a well or wells drilled on adjacent lands not pooled with the Leased Premises or otherwise controlled by Lessor within a distance of 330 feet from a boundary of the Leased Premises or lands pooled therewith, which well shall be referred to as an "outside well." In the event a well is drilled on adjacent lands not pooled with the Leased Premises within a distance of 330 feet from the boundary of the Leased Premises or land pooled therewith, Lessee shall offset such outside well by the commencement of drilling operations at a suitable offset location on the Leased Premises or land pooled therewith within six (6) months after it is ascertained that the production of a substance covered hereby from such outside well is in paying quantities, except that: (a) If a well is being drilled on the Leased Premises said time shall be extended until six (6)months after the completion or abandonment of the well so being drilled or (b) if there already exists or is being drilled on the Leased Premises a well at a suitable offset location, it shall take the place of the required offset well. A suitable offset locations within the meaning hereof shall be one which is within the offset distance from the boundary and not more than twice the offset distance from a line drawn from the outside well to the nearest point in said boundary and extended through the Leased Premises. Offset wells shall be counted in determining when the Leased Premises has been fully drilled. If no surface drill site on the Leased Premises at a suitable offset location is available under the provisions hereof for the use of Lessee, and Lessee does not have a surface drill site on other lands, together with the necessary rights of way, from which it is practicable to directionally drill a well into and bottomed under the area defined in this paragraph as a suitable offset location, Lessee shall be excused from offsetting such outside well. (b) Prudent Operations. Except as herein otherwise provided, Lessee shall drill each well and operate each completed well in accordance with good and prudent oil and gas field management and operational practices so long as such well shall produce oil or gas in paying quantities in conformity with any reasonable conservation or curtailment program affecting the drilling or wells or the production of oil or gas or either thereof from the Leased Premises to which Lessee may voluntarily subscribe or become a part, or which any conservation of curtailment program which may be imposed by law or by any appropriate governmental agency. (c) Mechanics and Material Men's Liens. All materials furnished and all work done on the Leased Premises by Lessee shall be done at the sole cost and expense of Lessee. Lessee agrees to protect the Leased Premises and the Lessor against all claims that may attach as liens against the Leased Premises by reason of any claim, demand or obligation that Lessee should pay. Lessee will not permit any mechanics lien to be placed on the Leased Premises or on improvements on the Leased Premises. If a mechanic's lien is filed on the Leased Premises, or on improvements on the Leased Premises, Lessee will promptly pay the lien. If default in payment of the lien continues for twenty (20) days after written notice from Lessor to Lessee, Lessor may, at is option, pay the lien or any portion of it without inquiry as to its validity. Any amounts paid by the Lessor to remove a mechanic's lien caused to be filed against the Leased Premises or against improvements on the Leased Premises by Lessee, including expenses, attorney fees and interest, shall be due from Lessee to Lessor and shall be repaid to Lessor immediately on receipt of notice, together with interest at 18% per annum until repaid. (d) [7]--> Waste[8][Author:RS] , Nuisance or Illegal Uses. Lessee shall not use or permit the use of the Leased Premises in any manner that results in waste of the Leased Premises or constitutes a nuisance to the Leased Premises and the land surrounding the Leased Premises and the occupants of the same or violates any statute, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to the Leased Premises or for any illegal purpose of activity. (8) POOLING (a) For purposes of conserving oil, gas and the other substances covered hereby, protecting the interests of the Lessor and the Lessee, and preventing unnecessary drilling for the excessive depletion of such natural resources, Lessee may in the exercise of its discretion as a prudent operator, pool or unitize the Leased Premises, or any part thereof, with any other property for the production of any substance covered hereby, so as to create one or more drilling or production units. The creation of a unit by such pooling shall be based on the following criteria ("Pooling Criteria") In the event this lease is so unitized, the Lessor agrees to accept in lieu of the royalty or shut in royalties herein before recited, such proportion of the royalty or shut in royalties above provided as the acreage contributed by this lease bears to the total acreage comprising the unit. Nothing heretofore or hereinafter withstanding, it is agreed and understood by all parties that a well drilled or produced therefrom on any part of the land herein described will extend this agreement beyond the primary term only insofar as to lands included in or pooled with a producing or proposed unit. (b) Lessee shall create the unit by executing an instrument identifying and describing the pooled acreage and shall mail a copy thereof to the Lessor's last known address, and place the instrument of record in the county or counties in which the unit is situate properly indexed to identify all parties in interest. Lessee shall have the recurring right to revise any unit formed hereunder either before or after commencement of production. In the event of a revision, Lessee shall execute a written instrument describing the revised unit and stating the effective date of the revision. Lessee shall mail a copy thereof to the Lessor's last known address and the proportion of unit production on which royalties are payable hereunder shall thereafter be adjusted accordingly. Lessee may terminate the unit by filing of record a written declaration describing the unit and stating the date of termination. (c) Production, drilling or reworking operations anywhere on a unit which includes all or any part of the Leased Premises shall, except for the payment of royalties, be treated as if it were production drilling or reworking operations on the Leased Premises. (d) If the Leased Premises is pooled with other lands to form a drilling unit and a well is drilled on the Leased Premises the portion of the unit the Leased Premises shall constitute not less then twenty five (25%) percent of the total acres of the unit. (e) If the Leased Premises is pooled with other lands to form a drilling unit and a well is drilled on the other lands pooled with the Leased Premises, the Leased Premises shall constitute not less than fifty (50%) percent of the total acres of the unit. (9) GAS STORAGE - Lessee shall have no right to use the Leased Premises or any formation underlying the Leased Premises for the storage of gas or any other substance covered by this lease. 10. [9]--> ANCILLARY[10][Author:RS] RIGHTS a. During the Term - Lessor grants to the Lessee the right to ingress and egress over, under and through the Leased Premises with the right to maintain roads, pipelines, tanks, structures, electric lines, communication lines, ponds, data acquisition facilities, fluid removal systems, compression facilities, processing and extraction facilities and collection systems that the Lessee may deem necessary or convenient together with right-of-ways to transport by pipelines or otherwise, oil, gas, water and their constituents from the Leased Premises and other lands within a production unit formed in accord with paragraph 8 of this lease as reasonably necessary to the conduct of the operations on the Leased Premises or other lands pooled with the Leased Premises to form a production unit during the term of this Lease. All such facilities shall be so placed on the Leased Premises as to interfere as little as possible with the use of the Leased Premises by the Lessor. b. Removal of Roadways And Pipelines - Any roadway or pipelining installed on the Leased Premises during the term of this Lease shall be removed promptly upon the termination of this Lease and the Leased Premises shall be restored to its approximate condition prior to the commencement of operations and as proscribed by any federal, state or local statute or ordinance and the regulations enforced by any governmental regulatory authority having jurisdiction over the operations of Lessee on the Leased Premises c. Injection of Fluids and Gas - Lessee shall have the right to inject water, brine, air, gas, and other substances into the subsurface strata underlying the Leased Premises as may be reasonable and necessary for the conduct of operations provided hereunder for the production from the Leased Premises of oil, natural gas and the other substances covered by this lease provided that such injection is in accord with all applicable federal, state and local statutes and ordinances, the provisions of any permit issued to conduct operations on the Leased Premises. Lessee shall have no right or privilege of injecting any substance in any well on the Leased Premises or burying any substance on the Leased Premises for the purpose of disposal of such substances or for the production of oil, natural gas and other substances covered by this lease from a well not located on the Leased Premises or lands pooled with the Leased Premises. 11. SHUT-IN RENTAL - At any time during the term of this lease there is a well located on the Leased Premises or lands pooled with the Leased Premises in accord with paragraph 8 of this lease capable of producing gas in paying quantities but such well is not connected to a pipeline or is shut-in for any reason for a period of three consecutive months, then commencing on the fourth month and for each month thereafter until the well is connected to a pipeline and gas is marketed therefrom off the Leased Premises, Lessee shall pay to Lessor the sum of Two Hundred Fifty ($250.00) Dollars per month as a shut-in rental and this lease shall continue in force during the time when such wells are shut-in and the shut-in royalty is paid for each month for which such payment is due. Amounts paid by Lessee to Lessor as Shut-In Rental shall be credited toward the payment of production royalty when production is reestablished. (12) TAXES - All taxes assessed or payable on the oil and gas or any increase in the real estate taxes, or taxes in lieu of real estate taxes, because of the oil and gas or operations under this lease shall be paid by the parties hereto in proportion to their interest. Lessee shall pay and fully discharge all taxes, special assessments and government charges of any character imposed during the term of this lease on the trade fixtures, appliances, equipment, fixtures, supplies and any other personal property placed by the Lessee on, in or about the Leased Premises. If any local, state, federal or other taxing power, levies a license, severance, production, or other similar tax on oil or gas produced under the Lease or on Lessee's right to operate on the Leased Premises, Lessee shall pay all of such tax. (13) FORCE MAJEURE - (a) This lease shall not be terminated, in whole or in part, nor shall Lessee be held liable or damages for failure to comply with express or implied covenants hereof if compliance, therewith, is prevented by or if such failure is the result of any Federal or State laws, executive orders, rules, or regulations whether valid or invalid, act of God, strike, lockout, or other industrial disturbance, act of the public enemy, war, blockade, public riot, lightning, fire, storm, flood, or other act of nature, explosion, unavailability of equipment, and any other cause, which is not reasonably within the control of the party claiming suspension, nor was caused by said party. (b) If, at the end of the primary term, the term has not been extended by production or drilling as herein provided and Lessee by reason of any of the above recited causes is unable to drill a well on the Leased Premises for oil or gas, the primary term and the rental provision, hereof, shall be extended automatically from month to month for a period not to exceed twelve (12) additional months unless further extension is approved by Lessor and so long as Lessee meets all requirements for payments of money and other obligations to Lessor; provided, however, upon the removal of such delaying cause, Lessee must promptly commence operations after such removal. During any period that Lessee is unable to produce and/or market any products from the Leased Premises by reason of any of the above-recited causes, this lease shall remain in full force and effect provided Lessee pays to Lessor shut-in rental in accord with the provisions of paragraph 11 of this lease. 14. DEFAULT (a) If the Lessee shall fail to properly pay any installment of royalty or rent, and if such default shall continue for a period of fifteen (15) days after written demand therefore, then at the option of Lessor, this lease shall forthwith terminate; provided, however, that if there be a bona fide dispute as to the amount due, and all undisputed amounts are paid and all disputed amounts paid into escrow with an escrow agent at terms and conditions satisfactory to Lessor, said 15 day period shall be extended until five (5) days after such dispute is settled by final court decree, arbitration or mutual agreement. (b) In case of default by Lessee with respect to any condition or covenant hereof and continuance of such default for 30 days after written notice from Lessor to Lessee to perform such condition or covenant, than at the option of Lessor, this lease shall forthwith cease and terminate except that if any oil well has theretofore been drilled or is then being drilled and Lessee is not in default in connection therewith, this lease shall nevertheless continue in effect as to an area on which the well is located at the appropriate center thereof to be selected by Lessee not exceeding twenty (20) acres for each such oil well, and if any gas well has theretofore been drilled or is being drilled and Lessee is not in default in connection therewith, this lease shall remain in effect for the production of gas and for development of gas (but not gas associated with oil) as to an area within which the said well is located including any land pooled herewith to be selected by Lessee not exceeding forty (40) acres for each such gas well. Lessee shall not, however, be deemed to be in default while work is in progress in good faith which when completed will constitute compliance with such condition or covenant. A termination of this lease as to a part only of the Leased Premises or as to a part only of Lessee's rights shall not affect such rights of way and easements as may be necessary in Lessee's operations on the part of the Leased Premises as to which no such termination shall have occurred. (c) Insolvency of Lessee. If Lessee, or any successor or assign of Lessee, is adjudicated a bankrupt or insolvent, or has a trustee appointed in bankruptcy or insolvency, or has a receiver appointed for its business or property, and if such order is not vacated within sixty (60) days of the date of entry, then Lessor, at its option, at any time within thirty (30) days after the expiration of such sixty (60) day period, may terminate this lease with respect to the interest in the leasehold estate of such party, except for each drilling or producing oil well or gas well. (d) Release of interest. On the expiration or sooner termination of this Lease in whole or in part, Lessee agrees to surrender possession of the premises, or of the portion of the premises included in such termination. Lessee agrees to execute and deliver to Lessor appropriate instruments sufficient to clear the title of the premises, or any portion, from this Lease and all liens and encumbrances created suffered by lessee, except such rights and easements as Lessee may be entitled to retain under the provisions of this lease. If Lessee fails to deliver such instruments to Lessor within a reasonable time after termination, Lessor may institute proceedings to quiet its title, and in that event, in addition to all other relief that may be granted to Lessor, Lessor shall be entitled to recover against Lessee, all attorney fees, investigation charges, court costs, and other sums that Lessor has expended in quieting its title. (e) Removal of equipment. Lessee may remove at any time within ninety (90) days after termination of this Lease any structures, equipment, appurtenances, and appliances of any kind brought or placed on the premises by Lessee, whether affixed or not, except well casing required to remain in any well pursuant to state law and the regulations enforced by the Department of Environmental Protection. (15) SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS - All covenants and conditions between the parties hereto shall extend to their heirs, executors, successors and assigns but no change or division in ownership of the Leased Premises shall operate to enlarge the obligations or diminish the rights of the Lessee. Lessor agrees that the Lessee, at its option, may pay, discharge or redeem any taxes, mortgages or other liens existing, levied or assessed on or against the Leased Premises, and in the event it exercises such option, it shall be subrogated to the rights of any holder or holders thereof and may reimburse itself by applying any royalty or rentals accruing hereunder to the discharge of any such taxes, mortgages or other liens. (16) WAIVER IN WRITING - The failure of either party to enforce or exercise any provision of this lease shall not constitute or be considered as a waiver of the provision in the future unless the same is expressed in writing and signed by the respective parties. (17) FREE GAS - If there is sufficient gas produced from a well drilled on the Leased Premises over and above the amount required for operations by the Lessee hereunder, the Lessor owning the parcel of property upon which said well is located may use gas for domestic purposes in the principal residential dwelling, free of charge, in appliances furnished by said Lessor upon the Leased Premises subject to this lease, not to exceed 300,000 cubic feet of gas per annum. The necessary facilities, including meter, regulator, lines and connections shall be furnished and installed at the expense of the Lessor at the place of or near to the well and of the kind designated by Lessee. The use of gas thereunder shall be wholly at the risk of Lessor and without any liability to the Lessee for any accident or damage caused thereby, nor shall Lessee be liable for any shortage or failure in the supply of gas for said domestic use. Any gas used by the Lessor in excess of said annual amount shall be paid for at the prevailing price paid to Lessee for gas sold at the well head. Additionally, Upon a commercially productive well being drilled on the herein Leased Premises, Lessee agrees that Lessor may, in lieu of free gas above, be paid the sum of $1,200.00 per year for one well only on an annual basis. This payment shall be paid annually at the end of each calendar year. Lessor must notify Lessee by certified mail of Lessor's intent to be paid hereunder. (18) PIPELINES, ACCESS ROADS AND FENCES - The location of any well access road or pipeline shall be mutually agreed upon by Lessor and Lessee, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld by Lessor. Lessee shall lay all pipelines which it constructs on the Leased Premises below 30 inches from the surface. Lessee shall fence all sump holes, pits, other excavations and areas of operation to the extent required to safeguard livestock and to prevent access by any unauthorized person. All access roads and bridges used by the Lessee pursuant to its drilling and producing operations on the Leased Premises shall be maintained by Lessee in good order and repair in a good and professional manner in a passable condition, free of significant ruts and properly sloped with culverts installed as necessary to permit drainage and to prevent soil erosion to the maximum extent possible. Lessee shall utilize shale, gravel, or crushed stone and sluice pipes, where necessary, to maintain the condition of the roads. Upon request of Lessor, Lessee shall erect and maintain a gate on any access road used by Lessee. If the gate is locked, a key shall be furnished to the Lessor. Lessee shall not construct any road on the Leased Premises without the prior approval of Lessor as to the location, route and type of construction to be used. Lessee shall prevent any of its employees or agents from operating vehicles on the premises at a speed greater than five (5) miles per hour. (19) PUGH CLAUSE - Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, it is agreed that should Lessee exercise the option to pool or combine any portion of the Leased Premises with other lands, lease or leases as hereinbefore provided at paragraph 8, then such operations and production on and in any such pooled unit(s) shall continue this lease in full force and effect during or after the primary term as to that portion of the Leased Premises, included in such unit or units as hereinabove provided, but not as to such portion of the Leased Premises not included in any such unit. This lease may be kept in force and effect as to such remainder of the Leased Premises in any manner elsewhere provided in this lease not inconsistent with this paragraph. (20) PROTECTION OF LESSOR'S ESTATE - Lessee agrees to take all reasonable steps to prevent its operations from (a) causing or contributing to soil erosion, or to the injury of terraces, grades, or other soil-conserving structures on the Leased Premises; (b) polluting the surface or subterranean waters of reservoirs, springs, streams, irrigation ditches, stock ponds, or wells on such premises; (c) decreasing the fertility of the soil; (d) damaging crops, native or cultivated grasses, fruit or nut trees, timber, or pastures, consistent with the purpose of the Lease; (e) harming, or in any way injuring, the animals, poultry, fish, or livestock owned by the Lessor or by his tenants and kept or pastured on the Leased Premises, including the erection and maintenance of fences, gates, and cattle guards where necessary for such purposes; or (f) damaging buildings, roads, structures, ensilage pits, improvements, farm implements, or fences. The Lessee shall pay to the person beneficially interested in the harmed object all damages caused by its operations." (21) [11]--> SURRENDER[12][Author:RS] - Lessee at any time may surrender this lease in whole or in part, and then lessee shall be released from all further obligations as to the area so surrendered. All lands surrendered shall remain subject to the easements created in this lease; however, such easements, and any facilities on them, shall be so located, or relocated by lessee at its sole cost, as to interfere as little as possible with the use of the surrendered land. Except as otherwise provided in the lease, full title to the land so surrendered shall re-vest in Lessor, free and clear of all claims of Lessee. Lessor agrees not to drill any well on the surrendered land within 330 feet of any producing well retained by lessee. Lessee, so far as possible and practicable, shall surrender land in parcels of reasonably square dimensions parallel to the exterior boundaries of the Leased Premises. All parcels surrendered shall be so shaped as to permit Lessor to drill on them, and shall contain an area of not less than 120 acres. (22) DEVELOPMENT OR SALE OF PREMISES - The township in which the Leased Premises are located is now undergoing and will continue to undergo rapid changes and growth, and for that reason Lessor cannot now ascertain with complete accuracy the most valuable use to which certain portions of the Leased Premises might ultimately be put. In order not to hamper or restrict the use of the premises for their most valuable use, it is agreed that if during the term of this lease Lessor has a bona fide plan of development or use or sale of any portion or portions of the premises, and if in the opinion of Lessor the existence of an oil and gas lease of the surface of such portion or portions will unreasonably hamper such development, use, or sale, Lessor may notify lessee in writing of the existence of such plan and request that lessee surrender to Lessor all Lessee's rights in the surface of such portion of the premises and in the subsurface to a depth of 500 feet. If Lessee fails to commence drilling operations on such portion of the premises within 120 days after receipt of such notice, this Lease shall automatically terminate as to such surface and subsurface portion of the Leased Premises. Lessee shall promptly deliver to Lessor a good and sufficient quitclaim deed for the same; however, if any title work or other expense, such as a survey, is necessary, such work or expense shall be paid for by Lessor. Lessee shall also surrender to Lessor its subsurface rights below 500 feet beneath the surface if Lessee does not have surface rights on adjacent land from which Lessee can whipstock or slant drill into such subsurface. (23) DAMAGES AND RESTORATION - Lessee shall pay the amount of all damages to livestock, crops, fruit or nut trees, timber, fences, ditches, buildings, roads or other improvements caused by Lessee's operation on or about the Leased Premises, which damage shall include the fees and expenses associated with any estimate or appraisal required to establish the scope and amount of damages and all related attorney's fees. All areas of the Leased Premises disturbed or damaged by Lessee's operations shall be restored as near as possible to its original condition as existed prior to the conduction of operations. In the event any activity carried on by Lessee, pursuant to the lease, disturbs, injures or damages the fresh water source or well on the Leased Premises, Lessee shall, at its sole cost and expense, use its best efforts to repair or correct any such disturbance, injury or damage and, if repairs do not restore the fresh water source to a condition sufficient to be comparable to its condition prior to operations both as to quantity and as to quality, Lessee shall replace such source with a substitute source suitable in quantity and quality to meet the use to which the source was being employed at the time of the damage, but in no event shall such replacement source be of lesser quality and quantity as required by the Pennsylvania DEP from time to time. (24) LESSOR'S INSPECTIONS - Lessor and his agent and consultants, at all reasonable times, may inspect the Lessee's operation on the Leased Premises and lands pooled therewith and the work done and in progress thereon, and the production therefrom. Lessor may also examine the books kept by Lessee in relation to the amount and character of the production from the Leased Premises and lands pooled therewith and disposition thereof. Lessee, on written request of Lessor therefor, shall furnish to Lessor copies of all logs of all wells drilled by Lessee on the Leased Premises and lands pooled therewith and all data submitted to the Oil and Gas Conservation Commission and the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection with respect to the establishment of a production unit or utilized by Lessee in determining the establishment of a production unit. (25) INDEMNIFICATION - Lessee shall indemnify and hold Lessor harmless from and against any and all direct and indirect liability, loss, cost, injury, damages, and expenses (including Attorney's fees) to any person or property arising from or in connection with the performance of it's operations and any damages or injury by or arising from any act of negligence, omission, or default of the Lessee in connection with it's operations on the Leased Premises. In case of any action or proceeding brought against Lessor by reason of any such claim, Lessee, on notice from Lessor, agrees to defend the action or proceedings at its sole costs. (26) LIABILITY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE - Lessee shall alone be liable and responsible for any pollution or other damage to any portion of the environment in or proximate to the Leased Premises which occurs as a result or consequence of Lessee's occupation and use of the Leased Premises, irrespective of whether or not such pollution or damage be due to negligence or to the inherent nature of Lessee's operations, unless an independent intervening cause be found to be the proximate cause of the pollution or damage. In any action for civil damages brought under this section, there shall be a presumption that, but for Lessee's occupation and use of the Leased Premises, the pollution or other damage would not have occurred, it shall then be incumbent upon Lessee to come forward with evidence to rebut this presumption. (27) LIABILITY INSURANCE (a) Lessee, at its own expense, shall provide and maintain in force during the term of this lease liability insurance in the amount of not less than $2,000,000.00, covering Lessor as well as Lessee as insured parties, with one or more insurance companies licensed to do business in Pennsylvania. (b) Remedy for Failure to Provide Insurance. Lessee shall furnish Lessor with certificates of all insurance required by this paragraph. If Lessee does not provide such certificates within 30 days of the execution of this lease, or if Lessee allows any insurance required under this paragraph to lapse, Lessor may, at its option, take out and pay the premiums on the necessary insurance to comply with Lessee's obligations under the provisions of his paragraph. Lessor is entitled to immediate reimbursement from Lessee for all amounts spent by it to procure and maintain such insurance, with interest at the rate of 18% per annum from the date of payment by Lessor until reimbursement by Lessee. Lessee may declare the Lessor to be in default of a material provision of the lease and that all operations by Lessee on the Leased Premises terminate immediately for such period such insurance is not in effect. In the event of the failure of Lessee to obtain the insurance required by this paragraph or such insurance coverage would lapse or terminate and Lessee does not terminate all operations, Lessee agrees that Lessor may obtain an order from a court of appropriate jurisdiction, without the posting of bond, enjoining all further operations by Lessee, its servants, assigns, contractors, subordinates and employees on the Leased Premises until such time as the required insurance is placed into effect. All policies of insurance shall be endorsed to provide that the policy shall not lapse or terminate without Lessor having been given written notice of such lapse or termination 30 days in advance of the date of such lapse or termination. (28) REMOVAL OF EQUIPMENT AND RESTORATION OF LEASED PREMISES -Lessee shall have the right at any time to remove from the Leased Premises any machinery, rigs, piping, casing and other property and improvements belonging to or furnished by Lessee, including that installed in wells or otherwise affixed to the land provided that such removal shall not interfere with Lessee fulfilling its duty to prudently develop and operate the Leased Premises and, further provided that, in the event of the termination of such lease in its entirety, such removal shall be completed within four months thereafter and, in the event of the termination of this lease as to a portion of the Leased Premises, all such property not needed by Lessee for its operations on the Leased Premises retained under the lease shall be removed from the Leased Premises as to which this lease is terminated within four months after such partial termination, and the remainder shall be removed within four months after the termination of the lease in its entirety. Lessee, after termination of this lease, shall fill all sump holes, pits and other excavations made by it on the Leased Premises and in all other respects restore the Leased Premises in accord with the provisions of paragraph 23 of this Lease. ( [13]--> 29[14][Author:RS] ) DRILL SITE FEE - Lessee agrees to pay Lessor a drill site fee of Ten Thousand ($10,000.00) Dollars for each and every well drilled on the Leased Premises by Lessee. (30) RIGHTS RESERVED BY LESSOR a. Lessor reserves the right to use the Leased Premises in any and all respects not specifically limited by the terms of this Lease, which will not unreasonably interfere with the proper operations of Lessee under this Lease. b. Lessor reserves all minerals within the Leased Premises including all oil, gas and liquid hydrocarbons not leased to Lessee by this lease and shall have the right to conduct operations to mine and remove those minerals and lease those mineral rights to third parties insofar as Lessor is otherwise legally entitled to lease the same, subject to rights expressly granted to Lessee under this lease. c. As between the Lessor and Lessee, the surface rights of Lessor shall be considered dominant and the oil and gas rights of Lessee servient. Any dispute between the parties hereto concerning surface use shall be resolved in favor of the interests of the Lessor. d. Inspection and information. Lessor shall have the right to examine the Leased Premises and Lessee's operations on the premises at any reasonable time. Lessee shall keep full records of drilling operations, production, and sales of products from the Leased Premises, and Lessor shall have the right to inspect and copy such records at all reasonable times. Lessee agrees to make available to Lessor on written request all charts of formations found under the Leased Premises. Lessor shall have the right to examine all cores taken from any wells drilled on the Leased Premises when and if available; however, Lessor shall not interfere with Lessee's removal of any core for the purpose of analysis. Lessee agrees to furnish Lessor on written request the results in writing of any core analysis. On surrender of any land to Lessor, Lessee shall give Lessor a copy of all logs, charts of formations, and core analysis reports respecting such land. On termination of this Lease, lessee shall give Lessor a copy of the logs, histories, and casing records of all wells drilled on the premises. (31) OFF SET WELLS - Should oil or gas be found and be produced or be capable of being produced in paying quantities on any land adjoining the Leased Premises, Lessee agrees to drill all offset wells on the Leased Premises whether or not the Leased Premises are being drained, such offset well or wells to be started within sixty (60) days after the date of completion of the well or wells on the adjoining Leased Premises. Such well shall be considered an offset regardless of footage distance from the lease line if such well is located in a drill site approved by the Department of Environmental Protection, which drill site adjoins or corners on this Lease. Failure to drill such offset well shall result in the termination of this Lease. (32) CONSTRUCTION OF LEASE - No express obligation imposed on lessee shall relieve it of any otherwise existing duty of exploration, development, operation, marketing, or protection, except to the extent of direct conflict with such express obligation, and all such express obligations shall be construed as providing minimal standards only. In case of ambiguity, this Lease shall always be construed in favor of Lessor and against Lessee. (33) WHAT CONSTITUTES ACTS OF LESSEE - In determining whether Lessee has complied with its obligations, the acts of corporations or associations bearing the relation to lessee of parent, subsidiary, affiliate or associate shall be treated as the act of Lessee. (34) EXPLORATION - Lessee shall have the right to investigate and explore for oil and gas on the Leased Premises by seismograph or any other method desired. Such right is not assignable by Lessee separate and apart from its other rights, title, and interest under this lease. (35) REFERENCE TO GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS - Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Lease or implied by law, all present and future rules and regulations of any governmental agency pertaining to well spacing, use of material, and equipment or otherwise shall be binding on the parties to this lease with like effect as though incorporated at length in this Lease. (36) INJECTION OF WATER, BRINE OR OTHER FLUIDS - Whenever any well or wells on the lands shall be used by lessee for the injection of water, brine, or other fluids produced from lands other than the Leased Premises for disposal as a conservation measure, Lessee shall pay to Lessor $_____per year for each well so used in addition to all other considerations specified in this Lease. The injection of water, brine, or other fluids into subsurface strata shall be made only into strata below those furnishing domestic fresh water and Lessee agrees to protect adequately Lessor's fresh water supply from injury as a result of any of its operations. (37) [15]--> PREFERENTIAL[16][Author:RS] RIGHT - If during the term of this Lease (but not during the secondary term) Lessor receives a bona fide offer from any party to purchase a new lease covering all or any part of the Leased Premises or substances covered by this Lease, and if Lessor is willing to accept such offer, then Lessor shall promptly notify Lessee in writing of the name and address of the offeror, and of all pertinent terms and conditions of the offer, including any lease bonus offered. Lessee shall have a period of thirty (30) days after receipt of such notice to exercise a preferential right to purchase a new Lease from Lessor in accordance with the terms and conditions of the offer, by giving Lessor written notice of such exercise. Promptly afterward, Lessee shall furnish to Lessor the new Lease for execution, along with a time draft for the lease bonus conditioned upon execution and delivery of the Lease by Lessor and approval of title by Lessee, all in accordance with the terms of the draft. Whether or not Lessee exercises its preferential right under this Lease, then as long as this Lease remains in effect any new Lease from Lessor shall be subordinate to this Lease and shall not be construed as replacing or adding to Lessee's obligations under this Lease. (38) THIS LEASE SUBJECT TO - This lease is subject to any prior severance or letting of any estate in the oil and gas, coal and other minerals underlying the Leased Premises of record in the chain of title or of which Lessee has actual knowledge. (39) ADDRESS FOR NOTICES Any notice to be given by either party to the other hereunder may be delivered in person or by registered mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the party for whom intended as follows: Lessor: 1 with a copy to: Donald D. Saxton, Jr., Law Offices of Donald D. Saxton, Jr. 8 East Pine Avenue Washington, PA 15301 Lessee: 2 Either party hereto may from time to time, by written notice to the other designate a different address, which shall be substituted for the one above specified. If any notice from one party to the other is given by registered mail, usual time for transmission of mail shall be computed and at the end of such time service of notice will be considered made. (40) ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS - See Addendum to Oil and Gas Lease attached hereto, made a part hereof labeled Exhibit "A." IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereunto set their hands and seals. LESSOR: WITNESS: _____________________________________ _______________________________ Phone No. ______________________ LESSEE: WITNESS: ___________________________ By:___________________________ Title _________________________ - - - - - - - - - - - COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ) ) SS. COUNTY OF ) On this, the __________ day of ____________________,2008, before me, a Notary Public, the undersigned officer, personally appeared__________________________________________________________________________________known to me (or satisfactorily proven) to be the person (s) whose name (s) is (are) subscribed to the within instrument, and acknowledged that (he) (she) (they) executed the same for the purposes therein contained. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto set my hand and official seal. ____________________________ (SEAL) Notary Public My Commission Expires: COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ) ) SS. COUNTY OF ) On this, the __________ day of ____________________,2007, before me, a Notary Public, the undersigned officer, personally appeared________________, known to me (or satisfactorily proven) to be the person whose name is subscribed to the within instrument, and acknowledged that he executed the same for the purposes therein contained. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto set my hand and official seal. ____________________________ (SEAL) Notary Public My Commission Expires: - - - - - - - - - - - COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA ) ) SS. COUNTY OF ) On this the ______ day of _______________________, 2007 before me, a Notary Public, the undersigned officer, personally appeared,_________________________________ who acknowledged himself to be the ______________________________________________ of __________________________________ and that as such officer, being authorized to do so, executed the foregoing instrument for the purposes therein contained by signing the name of said corporation by himself as _______________________________. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I hereunto set my hand and official seal. ____________________________ (SEAL) Notary Public My Commission Expires: - 2 - Granting Clause. Leasehold plus ancillary rights. Production techniques not limited to current technology. Grant limited to identified formation, i.e., shallow. Includes after acquired interests. Express disclaimer of warranty of title or quiet enjoyment. Short primary Term. Habendum clause to establish secondary term. Extension of term beyond plugging a well if good faith efforts are being made to secure production. Time test for good faith efforts. Preclusion of deductions from royalty, of transportation and marketing costs. Rental for Primary Term. No requirement of operations during Primary Term. Definition of Continuing Operations to maintain Secondary Term. Requirement to protect against drainage by drilling offset well. Circumstances excusing duty to drill offset well. Prudent Operator Standards. Important to include as there is some question as to whether Pennsylvania Court decisions establish a "Prudent Operator" standard. Prohibition against creating a nuisance, illegal use or commitment of waste. Criteria for Pooling. Limitations on extension of Primary Term. Protection of Lessor in percentage of pool. Prohibition of Gas Storage. Definition of Ancillary Rights and how they are to be exercised. Provision for a minimal cash flow to Lessor in event of shut-in. Payments are to be credited to future production royalty. Payment in lieu of free gas. Mutual agreement for location. Lessee's express obligations to protect Lessor's property ("rape, plunder and pillage" no longer SOP.) Partial surrender of undeveloped portion of Lease. Termination of portion of Lease in the event of land development being higher and best use. Actual, [resulting] ascertainable resulting damages plus appraisal and attorney fees. Lessor's right of access to inspect all operations and technical data. Protection from third party claims. Protection of Lessor from claims under Clean Streams Law. Compensation for loss of drill site. Reversal of common law resulting in Lessor's estate being dominant estate. Express obligations establish only minimal and not maximum standards. Right to geophysical exploration not assignable as a separate property right. Government regulations incorporated as affirmative provisions. Disposal by injection must be independent compensation to Lessor. Protection against "Top Lease." References Visible links 1. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 2. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 3. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 4. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 5. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 6. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 7. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 8. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 9. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 10. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 11. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 12. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 13. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 14. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 15. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0 16. file:///tmp/wv-kt5273#comment0